No trains will stop at Salford Central during the closure from 10 February to 21 April, with the station also planned to shut again on 27 April and 4 May.
Passengers affected by the closures will be able to use tickets on Bee Network buses between Salford Crescent, Salford Central, and other city centre stations.
The £10m upgrade will bring “much-needed” improvements, including making Salford’s biggest railway station more accessible, a TFGM spokesman said.
The project will start in January ahead of the closures, with workers to install inclusive passenger information boards like braille maps, customer information points, and Bee Network signs.
Nathaniel Yates, rail accessibility activist, said these improvements were a “welcome step forward” as there was still a “long way to go to improve access at train stations”.