The police officer was taken to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh for treatment.
His condition is described as “serious but not life threatening”.
A Police Scotland spokesperson said he and his family were being supported.
Several other vehicles were damaged in the incident before the stolen car struck a lamppost.
The teenager was not hurt in the crash and managed to flee the car.
The driver also faces charges of theft of a vehicle and a number of other road traffic offences.
He is scheduled to appear at Edinburgh Sheriff Court on Thursday.
Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the crash to come forward.
